-
1 pan-broil
To cook uncovered in a hot fry pan, pouring off fat as it accumulates. -
2 pan-fry
To cook in small amounts of fat. -
3 frying-pan
-
4 deep-fry
To cook food in hot fat or oil deep enough so that it is completely covered. The temperature of the fat is extremely important and can make the difference between success and failure. When the fat is not hot enough, the food absorbs fat and becomes greasy. When the fat is too hot, the food burns on the exterior before it has cooked through. Fat at the correct temperature will produce food with a crisp, dry exterior and moist interior. An average fat temperature for deep-frying is 375 degrees, but the temperature varies according to the food being fried. Use a deep fryer, an electric fry pan or a heavy pot and a good kitchen thermometer for deep frying. -
5 sartén
• fry pan• frying pan• pan• wok -
6 sartén
f.1 frying pan, skillet, fry pan, pan.2 frying pan, fry pan, skillet.* * *1 frying pan, US fry pan\tener la sartén por el mango figurado to have the upper hand* * *noun f.* * *SF LAmSF frying pan* * *femenino, AmL masculino o femenino frying pan, fry pan (AmE), skillettener la sartén por el mango — to call the shots (colloq)
* * *= frying pan, skillet.Ex. A total of 32 infants were habituated to six stimuli in which a picture of a male or female face was paired with one of six objects such as a football or frying pan.Ex. When the pasta is halfway done, return the skillet with the sauce to a medium heat, adding the oregano, capers and olives.----* sartén para asar pollos = chicken roaster pan.* tener la sartén por el mango = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* * *femenino, AmL masculino o femenino frying pan, fry pan (AmE), skillettener la sartén por el mango — to call the shots (colloq)
* * *= frying pan, skillet.Ex: A total of 32 infants were habituated to six stimuli in which a picture of a male or female face was paired with one of six objects such as a football or frying pan.
Ex: When the pasta is halfway done, return the skillet with the sauce to a medium heat, adding the oregano, capers and olives.* sartén para asar pollos = chicken roaster pan.* tener la sartén por el mango = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* * *orfrying pan, fry pan ( AmE), skilletÉcija, la sartén de Andalucía Ecija, the hottest place in Andalusiatener la sartén por el mango to call the shots ( colloq), to be the boss* * *
sartén sustantivo femenino, (AmL) m or f
frying pan, fry pan (AmE), skillet
sartén sustantivo femenino frying pan
♦ Locuciones: familiar tener la sartén por el mango, to call the shots o to have the upper hand
' sartén' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
majar
- fuego
- patata
- quemar
English:
frying pan
- nonstick
- pan
- wok
- fritter
- hash
* * *sartén nf,Am nm o nffrying pan, US fry-pan;Famtener la sartén por el mango to call the shots* * *f frying pan;saltar de la sartén y dar en las brasas fig fam jump out of the frying pan and into the fire;tener la sartén por el mango fig be the boss, be in the driving seat* * *1) : frying pan2)tener la sartén por el mango : to call the shots, to be in control* * *sartén n frying pan -
7 дребни
1. (малък на ръст, възраст) small(на ръст) small-sized, slight(недорасъл) undersized(невръстен) infant, youngдребни човек a man of slight build/make; a man small in buildдребно човече a tiny little man; a mannikinдребна риба (за пържене) fry, pan fishдребни дивеч small gameдребни добитък small farm animalsдребни деца infants, babies; small children/fry2. прен. (незначителен) small, insignificant, trifling, trivial; fiddling, finical, peddling, paltry(за подробности) niggling, finical(за загуба) trivial(за сметки, разноски) pettyдребна работа a trifling/small matter, (a mere) trifle, a mere nothing, a flea-biteдребна работа! never mind! това е дребна работа за него! (лека) it's mere child's play for him! карат се за дребни работи they quarrel over nothing, they quarrel over a mere trifleгуби си времето за дребни работи he wastes his time on triflesобижда се от дребни неща he takes offence at mere triflesдребните неща в живота the little nothings in lifeдребна подробност niceness, a trivial detailдребна кражба petty larceny, pilferage3. икон. (за производство и пр.) small, pettyдребни стопанин a petty farmer, a small landownerдребни собственик a small holder, a small ownerдребни търговец retailer, a small shopkeeper, a small-ware dealerдребни стоки small ware(s)магазин за дребни стоки a small-ware shopдребно земеделие small-scale farmingдребна буржоазия petty bourgeoisie, lower middle-class4. вж. дребнавдребна душа a mean soulдребна риба прен. small fryдребна шарка German measles* * *1. (за загуба) trivial 2. (за подробности) niggling, finical 3. (за сметки, разноски) petty 4. (малък на ръст, възраст) small 5. (на ръст) small-sized, slight 6. (невръстен) infant, young 7. (недорасъл) undersized 8. ДРЕБНИ дивеч small game 9. ДРЕБНИ добитък small farm animals 10. ДРЕБНИ собственик a small holder, a small owner 11. ДРЕБНИ стопанин a petty farmer, a small landowner 12. ДРЕБНИ търговец retailer, a small shopkeeper, a small-ware dealer 13. ДРЕБНИ човек a man of slight build/make;a man small in build 14. вж. дребнав: дребна душа a mean soul 15. губи си времето за дребни работи he wastes his time on trifles 16. дребна буржоазия petty bourgeoisie, lower middle-class 17. дребна кражба petty larceny, pilferage 18. дребна подробност niceness, a trivial detail 19. дребна работа a trifling/small matter, (a mere) trifle, a mere nothing, a flea-bite 20. дребна работа! never mind! това е дребна работа за него! (лека) it's mere child's play for him! карат се за дребни работи they quarrel over nothing, they quarrel over a mere trifle 21. дребна риба (за пържене) fry, pan fish 22. дребна риба прен. small fry 23. дребна шарка German measles 24. дребни деца infants, babies;small children/fry 25. дребни стоки small ware(s) 26. дребните неща в живота the little nothings in life 27. дребно земеделие small-scale farming 28. дребно човече a tiny little man;a mannikin 29. икон. (за производство и пр.) small, petty 30. магазин за дребни стоки а small-ware shop 31. обижда се от дребни неща he takes offence at mere trifles 32. пари (small) change, petty cash 33. прен. (незначителен) small, insignificant, trifling, trivial;fiddling, finical, peddling, paltry -
8 жарить на сковороде
General subject: pan fry, pan-fry (с малым количеством жира)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > жарить на сковороде
-
9 panvica
frying-pan; fry-pan; pan* * *pan (frying-pan) -
10 дребен
1. (ситен, неголям) small, fine (и за дъжд)(за почерк) small, cramp(ed)* * *дрѐбен,прил., -на, -но, -ни 1. ( ситен, неголям) small, fine (и за дъжд); (за почерк) small, cramp(ed), crabbed; \дребенни пари (small) change, petty cash;2. ( малък на ръст, възраст) small; (на ръст) small-sized, slight; разг. tiddly; ( недорасъл) undersized; dwarfish; ( невръстен) infant, young; \дребенен дивеч small game; \дребенен добитък small farm animals; \дребенен човек a man of slight build/make; a man small in build; \дребенна риба (за пържене) fry, pan fish; \дребенни деца infants, babies; small children/fry; \дребенно човече tiny little man; mannikin;3. прен. ( незначителен) small, insignificant, trifling, trivial; fiddling, finical, peddling, paltry; (за политик, лидер) tinpot; (за подробности) niggling, finical; (за загуба) trivial; (за сметки, разноски) petty; губи си времето за \дребенни работи he wastes his time on trifles; \дребенна кражба petty larceny, pilferage; \дребенна подробност niceness, trivial/fine detail; \дребенна работа trifling/small matter, (mere) trifle, mere nothing, flea-bite; \дребенна работа! never mind! \дребенните неща в живота the little nothings in life; обижда се от \дребенни неща he takes offence at mere trifles; това е \дребенна работа за него! ( лека) it’s mere child’s play for him!;4. икон. (за производство и пр.) small, petty; \дребенен собственик small holder, small owner; \дребенен стопанин petty farmer, small landowner; \дребенен търговец retailer, small shopkeeper, small-ware dealer; \дребенна буржоазия petty bourgeoisie, lower middle class; \дребенни стоки small ware(s); \дребенно земеделие small-scale farming; магазин за \дребенни стоки small-ware shop;5. ( дребнав) \дребенна душа a mean soul; • \дребенна риба прен. small fry; \дребенна шарка мед. German measles.* * *dwarf ; niggling {`nigliN}; paltry ; peddling ; piddling {`pidliN}; pimping ; poor {pu;r}; puny ; small: дребен game - дребен дивеч; undersized ; unimportant* * *1. (за почерк) small, cramp(ed) 2. (ситен, неголям) small, fine (u за дъжд) -
11 stekepanne
-
12 ტაფა
nfrying-pan, fry-pan, patella -
13 tava
"frying pan, fry-pan; fried food" -
14 fertig
I Adj.1. (beendet, erledigt) finished, done; WIRTS. finished; (fertig gestellt) finished, complete(d); (fertig ausgebildet) Krankenschwester, Lehrer etc.: fully trained ( oder qualified); fertig sein mit have finished with; mit Buch, Brief Ausbildung: etc.: have finished; bist du mit dem Putzen fertig? have you finished (with the) cleaning?; ich bin fertig mit Packen auch I’m all packed; seid ihr fertig? have (umg. auch are) you finished?; fertig werden mit (Arbeit etc.) finish, get through s.th.; siehe auch fertig 6; man wird ( damit) nie fertig there’s no end to it, it’s never-ending; etw. fertig haben have s.th. ready, have finished s.th.; etw. fertig machen oder stellen finish ( oder complete) s.th.; etw. nicht rechtzeitig fertig bekommen oder kriegen umg. not finish s.th. in time; ( das) Essen ist fertig! the meal’s ready, grub’s up umg., Am. auch come and get it! hum.; und damit fertig! fig. and that’s that!; mit ihm bin ich fertig! fig. I’m through ( oder I’ve finished) with him; fix2. (vorgefertigt) TECH. prefabricated; Kleidung: off-the-peg, Am. off-the-rack; Essen: pre-cooked; (tischfertig) ready-to-serve...; etw. fertig kaufen buy s.th. ready made ( Essen: precooked)3. (bereit) ready; fertig zum Ausgehen / Start ready to go out / take off; ich bin gleich fertig I’ll be ready ( oder with you) in a minute; (Achtung,) fertig, los! SPORT ready, steady (Am. on your marks, get set), go!; sich fertig machen get ready ( für for); jemanden / etw. fertig machen get s.o. / s.th. ready4. (reif) Charakter, Person: mature5. umg., fig.: ( fix und) fertig (erschöpft) shattered, bushed; (ruiniert) done for; (sprachlos) speechless, präd. auch floored; da war ich ( aber) fertig! that really floored me; der ist fertig! he’s had it; jemanden ( fix und) fertig machen körperlich: take it out of s.o.; auch nervlich: finish s.o. (off); seelisch: get s.o. down; (Konkurrenz etc.) ruin s.o.; stärker: wipe s.o. out; ([Diskussions-]Gegner etc.) tear s.o. to pieces ( oder shreds); (abkanzeln) tear a strip off s.o.; durch Kritik: slam s.o.; ( verprügeln, SPORT: besiegen) give s.o. a (real) clobbering umg.; SPORT auch clobber s.o. umg.; (umbringen) finish s.o. off, do s.o. in; die Sache macht mich langsam fertig it’s gradually wearing me out; seelisch: it’s really starting to get to me; er macht mich fertig he’s getting me down; nervlich: auch he’s driving me spare (Am. crazy); Nerv6. umg., fig.: etw. fertig bekommen oder bringen oder kriegen umg. (zustande bringen) manage s.th., bring s.th. off; weitS. (tun) do s.th.; es fertig bekommen oder bringen etc. zu (+ Inf.) manage to (+ Inf.) ich brachte es nicht fertig I couldn’t do it; (brachte es nicht übers Herz) auch I couldn’t bring myself to do it; er brachte es fertig, sie rauszuschmeißen he actually threw her out; wie bringt jemand so etwas fertig? how can anyone do a thing like that?; er bringt es ( glatt) fertig iro. I wouldn’t put it past him; er brachte es fertig und schlug sie iro. he actually went so far as to hit her; das bringst nur du fertig iro. that’s just like you, only you could have done that7. umg. fig.: fertig werden mit cope with; mit Kummer, Enttäuschung: auch get over; mit jemandem, Stress, Hitze etc.: cope with, be able to handle ( oder take); mit ihm werd ich schon fertig I can ( oder know how to) handle him; soll er damit fertig werden that’s his problem; damit musst du allein fertig werden nobody can help you there, you’re on your own there; ohne jemanden / etw. fertig werden get along ( oder manage) quite well without s.o. / s.th.; er wurde nie damit fertig, dass sie ihn verlassen hatte / dass ihm gekündigt wurde he never got over her leaving him / being firedII Adv.1. (völlig) ausgebildet, angezogen etc.: fully; fertig packen / lesen / essen etc. finish packing / reading / eating etc.* * *(beendet) finished; done; completed;(bereit) ready-made; ready* * *fẹr|tig ['fɛrtɪç]1. adj1) (= abgeschlossen, vollendet) finished; (= ausgebildet) qualified; (= reif) Mensch, Charakter maturemit der Ausbildung fertig sein — to have completed one's training
or der Lack (inf) — (and) there we are!, (and) Bob's your uncle! (Brit inf)
2) (= zu Ende) finishedmit etw fertig sein, etw fertig haben — to have finished sth
mit jdm fertig sein (fig) — to be finished or through with sb
wird das/werden wir rechtzeitig fertig werden? — will it/we be finished in time?
mit jdm/etw fertig werden (fig) — to cope with sb/sth
du darfst nicht gehen, fertig! — you're not going and that's that or and that's the end of it!
3) (= bereit) readyfertig zur Abfahrt — ready to go or leave
bist du/ist das Essen fertig? — are you/is the meal ready?
See:4) (inf) (= erschöpft) shattered (Brit inf all in (inf); (= ruiniert) finished; (= erstaunt) knocked for six (Brit inf) or for a loop (US inf)mit den Nerven fertig sein — to be at the end of one's tether (Brit) or rope (US)
See:→ fix2. advfertig duschen — to finish having a shower
etw fertig kaufen — to buy sth ready-made; Essen to buy sth ready to eat or ready-prepared
fertig essen/lesen — to finish eating/reading
* * *1) (finished: My picture will soon be complete.) complete2) ((negative unfinished) done; completed: a finished product.) finished3) ((negative unready) prepared; able to be used etc immediately or when needed; able to do( something) immediately or when necessary: I've packed our cases, so we're ready to leave; Is tea ready yet?; Your coat has been cleaned and is ready (to be collected).) ready4) (finished: Are you through yet?) through5) (completely lacking in energy etc: I feel quite washed-out today.) washed-out* * *fer·tig[ˈfɛrtɪç]I. adj1. (abgeschlossen, vollendet) finisheddas Essen ist in ein paar Minuten \fertig the food will be done [or ready] in a few minutesetw \fertig haben to have finished sthhaben Sie die Briefe schon \fertig? have you finished the letters yet?etw \fertig kaufen to buy a finished product\fertig montierte Seite TYPO fully assembled sheet2. (bereit) readyich bin schon lange \fertig! I've been ready for ages!ich bin \fertig, wir können gehen I'm ready, let's go3. (ausgebildet) trainedLehrer qualified4. (fam: erschöpft) exhausted, shattered BRIT fam, knackered BRIT sl, dog-tired; (verblüfft) amazed, gobsmacked BRIT, shocked by surprise BRIT fam▪ mit jdm \fertig sein to be through [or finished] with sb\fertig! that's that [or the end of it]!II. adv1. (zu Ende)etw \fertig machen [o tun] to finish sthlass mich wenigstens noch in Ruhe \fertig frühstücken! let me at least finish breakfast in peaceetw \fertig stellen to finish [or complete] sth\fertig gestellt completed2. (bereit)[jdm] etw \fertig machen to have sth ready [for sb]etw rechtzeitig \fertig machen to finish sth [or have sth ready] on time3.▶ auf die Plätze, \fertig, los! on your marks, get set, go!, ready, steady, go!* * *das Essen ist fertig — lunch/dinner etc. is ready
und fertig ist der Lack od. die Laube — (ugs.) and there you are; and bob's your uncle (Brit. coll.)
etwas fertig bringen/bekommen — manage something
ich brächte es nicht fertig, das zu tun — I couldn't bring myself to do that
der bringt das fertig! — (iron.) I wouldn't put it past him
etwas fertig stellen — complete or finish something
2) nicht attr. (zu Ende) finished[mit etwas] fertig sein/werden — have finished/finish [something]
etwas fertig bringen/bekommen/machen — finish something
mit jemandem fertig sein — (ugs.) be finished or through with somebody
mit etwas fertig werden — (fig.) cope with something
3) nicht attr. (bereit, verfügbar) ready (zu, für for)zum Abmarsch/Start fertig sein — be ready to march/ready for take-off
auf die Plätze - fertig - los! — on your marks, get set, go! (Sport); (bei Kindern auch:) ready, steady, go!
4) nicht attr. (ugs.): (erschöpft) shattered (coll.)jemanden fertig machen — wear somebody out; (durch Schikanen) wear somebody down; (deprimieren) get somebody down; (salopp): (zusammenschlagen, töten) do somebody in (sl.); (ugs.): (zurechtweisen) tear somebody off a strip (sl.)
* * *A. adj1. (beendet, erledigt) finished, done; WIRTSCH finished; (fertiggestellt) finished, complete(d); (fertig ausgebildet) Krankenschwester, Lehrer etc: fully trained ( oder qualified);fertig sein mit have finished with; mit Buch, Brief Ausbildung: etc: have finished;bist du mit dem Putzen fertig? have you finished (with the) cleaning?;ich bin fertig mit Packen auch I’m all packed;seid ihr fertig? have (umg auch are) you finished?;etwas fertig haben have sth ready, have finished sth;kriegen umg not finish sth in time;und damit fertig! fig and that’s that!;2. (vorgefertigt) TECH prefabricated; Kleidung: off-the-peg, US off-the-rack; Essen: pre-cooked; (tischfertig) ready-to-serve …;etwas fertig kaufen buy sth ready made ( Essen: precooked)3. (bereit) ready;fertig zum Ausgehen/Start ready to go out/take off;(Achtung,) fertig, los! SPORT ready, steady (US on your marks, get set), go!;sich fertig machen get ready (für for);jemanden/etwas fertig machen get sb/sth ready5. umg, fig:(fix und) fertig (erschöpft) shattered, bushed; (ruiniert) done for; (sprachlos) speechless, präd auch floored;da war ich (aber) fertig! that really floored me;6. umg fig:fertig werden mit cope with; mit Kummer, Enttäuschung: auch get over; mit jemandem, Stress, Hitze etc: cope with, be able to handle ( oder take);mit ihm werd ich schon fertig I can ( oder know how to) handle him;soll er damit fertig werden that’s his problem;damit musst du allein fertig werden nobody can help you there, you’re on your own there;ohne jemanden/etwas fertig werden get along ( oder manage) quite well without sb/sth;er wurde nie damit fertig, dass sie ihn verlassen hatte/dass ihm gekündigt wurde he never got over her leaving him/being firedB. adv1. (völlig) ausgebildet, angezogen etc: fully;fertig packen/lesen/essen etc finish packing/reading/eating etc2. (schon im Voraus) ready, pre-;fertig geschnitten pre-cut, ready cut;fertig verpackt prepacked…fertig im adj ready to …, …-ready;betriebsfertig ready to be put into operation;küchenfertig ready to cook;ofenfertig oven-ready;pfannenfertig ready to fry, pan-ready;servierfertig ready to serve;transportfertig verpackt ready to ship;verkaufsfertig ready for sale* * *1) (völlig hergestellt) finished <manuscript, picture, etc.>das Essen ist fertig — lunch/dinner etc. is ready
und fertig ist der Lack od. die Laube — (ugs.) and there you are; and bob's your uncle (Brit. coll.)
etwas fertig bringen/bekommen — manage something
ich brächte es nicht fertig, das zu tun — I couldn't bring myself to do that
der bringt das fertig! — (iron.) I wouldn't put it past him
etwas fertig stellen — complete or finish something
2) nicht attr. (zu Ende) finished[mit etwas] fertig sein/werden — have finished/finish [something]
etwas fertig bringen/bekommen/machen — finish something
mit jemandem fertig sein — (ugs.) be finished or through with somebody
mit etwas fertig werden — (fig.) cope with something
3) nicht attr. (bereit, verfügbar) ready (zu, für for)zum Abmarsch/Start fertig sein — be ready to march/ready for take-off
auf die Plätze - fertig - los! — on your marks, get set, go! (Sport); (bei Kindern auch:) ready, steady, go!
4) nicht attr. (ugs.): (erschöpft) shattered (coll.)jemanden fertig machen — wear somebody out; (durch Schikanen) wear somebody down; (deprimieren) get somebody down; (salopp): (zusammenschlagen, töten) do somebody in (sl.); (ugs.): (zurechtweisen) tear somebody off a strip (sl.)
5) (reif) mature <person, artist, etc.>* * *adj.finished adj.ready (for) adj. adv.readily adv. -
15 ...fertig
im Adj. ready to...,...-ready; betriebsfertig ready to be put into operation; küchenfertig ready to cook; ofenfertig oven-ready; pfannenfertig ready to fry, pan-ready; servierfertig ready to serve; transportfertig verpackt ready to ship; verkaufsfertig ready for sale -
16 sear
(Dry heat)To brown meat or fish quickly (Maillard Protein Reaction) extremely high heat either in a fry pan, Searing helps seal in the food's juices and provides a crispier tasty exterior. Seared food can then be eaten rare or roasted or braised to desired degree of doneness.To brown very quickly by intense heat. This method increases shrinkage but develops flavor and improves appearance. -
17 sofreír en una cazuela abierta
• fry lightly• fry lightly in an open panDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > sofreír en una cazuela abierta
-
18 frigideira
fry, frying-pan -
19 STEIKJA
* * *(-ta, -tr), v. to roast (s. á teini); s. smæra en, to have a smaller steak on the spit than.* * *ð and t, [a common Teut. word], to ‘steak’ or ‘stoke,’ roast; s. á teini, Am. 79; s. hjarta við funa, Fm. 32; eta lítt steikt, Hkv. 2. 7; en er Sigurðr steikði hjartað, Edda 74; sá hann at maðr steiktr lá á eldinum, Fms. viii. 107: the phrase, steikja smæra enn …, to have a smaller steak on the spit than …, 414: steikja is in Icel. also used of meat baked on embers, steikja köku, steikja roð, opp. to baked in a pan. -
20 paraitia
fry; frying pan
См. также в других словарях:
fry|pan — «FRY PAN», noun. = frying pan. (Cf. ↑frying pan) … Useful english dictionary
fry pan — noun see frying pan … New Collegiate Dictionary
fry pan — noun, pl ⋯ pans [count] US : ↑frying pan … Useful english dictionary
fry-pan — … Useful english dictionary
pan-fry — v. To fry in a pan. [WordNet 1.5] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
pan-fry — [pan′frī΄] vt. pan fried, pan frying to fry in a shallow skillet or frying pan … English World dictionary
pan — pan·a·ce; pan·a·cea; pan·a·ce·an; pan·a·chage; pan·a·chure; pan·agglutinability; pan·agglutinable; pan·agglutination; pan·a·mint; pan·a·ri·ti·um; pan·arteritis; pan·arthritis; pan·a·ry; pan·a·tela; pan·ath·e·naea; pan·ath·e·na·ic;… … English syllables
Fry — 1. v. & n. v. (fries, fried) 1 tr. & intr. cook or be cooked in hot fat. 2 tr. & intr. sl. electrocute or be electrocuted. 3 tr. (as fried adj.) sl. drunk. n. (pl. fries) 1 various internal parts of animals usu. eaten fried (lamb s fry). 2 a dish … Useful english dictionary
fry — 1. v. & n. v. (fries, fried) 1 tr. & intr. cook or be cooked in hot fat. 2 tr. & intr. sl. electrocute or be electrocuted. 3 tr. (as fried adj.) sl. drunk. n. (pl. fries) 1 various internal parts of animals usu. eaten fried (lamb s fry). 2 a dish … Useful english dictionary
fry — bel·fry; clam·jam·fry; fry; fry·er; gal·li·mau·fry; pan·fry; … English syllables
Fry — may refer to the following:PeoplePlaces*Fry Canyon, Utah *Fry s Island, in the River Thames *Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (when F.R.Y. is capitalized)In cooking*Frying, a method of cooking in a pan or pot which may involve immersion in a fat… … Wikipedia